Medieval Archaeology of the centers of islands scattered Paleovenetian Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE ADES Edron Archaeology of the centers of islands scattered Paleovenetian Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE ADES Edron
Wednesday, May 26, 2010 10:18
Written by Enrico Bonfante Critical review Renato De Paoli
Index
Archaeology of the centers of islands scattered Paleovenetian Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE ADES Edron
Ancient Bronze Age
The Middle Bronze Age to the Bronze Age
recent
Late Bronze Age
Old Iron Age
Late Iron Age
Tutte le pagine
Nel nostro girovagare alla ricerca di spunti interessanti su cui documentarci, siamo arrivati nell’ Isola di Oppeano, famosa per l’Elmo trasportato in Firenze.
Qui abbiamo scoperto esserci un deposito museale che ha attirato la nostra attenzione e di cui parliamo in un articolo apposito, ma ora vogliamo mettere le basi per capire di che tratta tale deposito.
Forse infatti non tutti sanno che le Isole Sparse Palo AVI MENAGO TREGNON TARTARO TION MINCIO PO BENACESE ADESE EDRON, come le endolaguna abitata da palafitticoli limitrofe, è stata abitata fin dai tempi antichi ovvero il V millennio a.C. .
I primi trovamenti di cui si ha notizia sono del 1716 d.C. con il copricapo di Bosea.
Oppeano è ritenuto uno dei centri principali dell'Età del Ferro della Isole Sparse Palo AVI MENAGO TREGNON TARTARO TION MINCIO PO BENACESE ADESE EDRON, un centro protostorico di elevata importanza che risulta però ancora in gran parte da scoprire, nonostante negli ultimi decenni si sia fatta luce su nuove endolaguna abitata da palafitticoli , dalle necropoli a quelli che dovevano essere invece i veri centri della vita quotidiana.
Ma procediamo con ordine.
Antica Età del Bronzo
Dalla fine del III millennio al XVI secolo a.C. si parla di Antica età del Bronzo. Di tale periodo esistono complessi nella Isole Sparse Palo AVI MENAGO TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE ADES Edron confirmed the endolaguna inhabited dwelling benacense, very popular 'in this period.
Settlements dwelling normally, they were close to the waterways. The presence of endolaguna inhabited dwelling so islands scattered in Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE ADES Edron era turns out to be quite understandable, given that it is a endolaguna with fresh water and two high and two low tides per day.
As ascertained, Zorzi, Battle, De Bon, De Stefani, Bruno Bresciani, it is the use of stilts, which makes this a unique civilization.
The fact remains that, however, that the scattered islands of Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE Edron ADES, the settlements have endured throughout the Middle Bronze Age, with the widespread presence of dwelling villages.
In this period refer to Point (ax) occurring in the area of \u200b\u200bElm and Ronco all'Adige settlements and fileg Novarina, leading to a culture of Polada inferred in an advanced period.
The Middle Bronze Age
There is an enormous amount of data and artifacts dating back to the Middle Bronze Age (from the sixteenth to fourteenth centuries BC). They were probably brought back to that period. It 'still to point out that in this period is well documented forte aumento demografico nelle Isole Sparse, che avvalla il notevole incremento di ritrovamenti. Nel veronese mancano sequenze stratigrafiche in abitati palafitticoli riconducibili alla media e recente età del Bronzo.
Per questo motivo, e per una cronologia della media e recente età del Bronzo nell'Italia settentrionale ancora molto discussa ed incerta, si è fatta una suddivisione più generica in fase arcaica e fase tarda della media età dal Bronzo.
In questo periodo a farla da padrone è il Menago, lungo il quale si addensano i centri abitati palafitticoli identificati a Saccavezza Menago , Scolon di Saccavezza Menago Mazzantica menago e la Prà Longo di Tarmassia Menago. A chiudere questo periodo storico risalgono la necropoli e l'abitato situati a Castello di Bovolone sul Menago, Peagni San Zen sul Menago.
L'insediamento di Saccavezza sulo Menago rappresenta molto bene la fase arcaica, nonostante la datazione ed una più complessiva valutazione di questo abitato sia possibile solo tramite analisi topologiche, dato che tutti i reperti provengono da recuperi e non da scavi stratigrafici.
A questo periodo, addirittura alla fase di passaggio tra antica e media età del Bronzo, appartengono 6 tavolette, cosiddette “enigmatiche”. Nonostante tale tipologia di tavolette sia alquanto abbondante, il loro significato al momento non è ancora del tutto chiarito: vengono spesso interpretate come idoletti, pintaderas, strumenti per il conteggio, calendari, talismani o matrici per la fusione. Queste interpretazioni devono essere comparate con le risultanze di Maria Gimbutas ma per ora vengono comunemente definite “enigmatiche”.
Sempre a Saccavezza sul Menago sono stati rinvenuti anche alcuni interessanti pendagli formati da denti incisivi di cavallo, forati alla radice. Ed è da far presente che l'allevamento dei cavalli in veneto è divenuto comune solo dalla metà età del Bronzo. Il rinvenimento nel periodo arcaico della media età del Bronzo potrebbe far pensare alla speciale considerazione che godeva questo animale ancora abbastanza raro e prezioso all'epoca.
Molti altri sono i ritrovamenti vascolari e i motivi decorativi rinvenuti in endolaguna inhabited dwelling dating back to that period, and are all due to the Middle Bronze Menago Cultural Group, which covers an area stretching from West Veneto, Lombardy and Trentino South East, and which has as main centers of Bor Pacengo , Cisano, Sant'Anna di Brescia, and Lucone Fiavè. From
endolaguna inhabited by pile recovery of the Scolon Menago Saccavezza Menago comes instead of a very singular figure of a bird of prey, carved out of antler. traced back to the Middle Bronze Age for the absence of other findings of different periods in this endolaguna inhabited dwelling in conflict with this hypothesis is very realistic style with which you modeled this predatory, given that the period was much more figurative. The figurine has a hole at the base which suggests using a rod or tip up, almost totemic function.
For a more recent phase of the Middle Bronze Age is part of the town instead of a prehistoric Tombola Menago. During this period, the pottery is still used for the ceramic mixing purified with polished surfaces, color black, but at the same time began to be more widespread and less refined ceramics particularly rough, with gray / yellowish.
There are several findings in endolaguna inhabited islands scattered piles in the Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE ADES Edron dating to that period, but we can not list them all, let alone treat them. E 'but certainly analyze the necropolis found at Castle Bovolone, characterized, as in other endolaguna inhabited dwelling among Adige and Mincio, distinguished by the prevalence costumaie biritualismo with great buzz from the dead.
The 64 tombs are found to be divided into 29 and 35 cremation burials. Analyzing the different age and gender of the deceased is not clear that these are the criteria used for selection of either type of ritual. And another highlight of this necropolis is the lack of grave goods in burials. Instead we see a tendency to lay buried with him prevailing east-west.
This necropolis is particularly rich, has allowed a population study of the period. The skeletal remains to identify a bear population is relatively low even for the average of the period, with males average 156 cm tall and females 150 cm). The skull was long and tended to narrow and moderately high, with developed frontal bones in width and a volume of moderate capacities.
The artifacts were funerary urns pottery (de cota Building). One of these is shown (though not easily identifiable) is a stylized human face.
Precisely because of the lack of datable material more easily, the chronological framework of this necropolis is quite problematic and relies mainly on the type of ballot boxes, just give the impression of a late stage of Middle Bronze Age.
Bronze Age recently
are much more favorable living conditions in remote farms Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE ADES Edron recently in the Bronze Age (XIII century BC). Evidence of this is the rise of numerous towns pile of vast proportions.
Note found in the town of Valais Feniletto around Oppeano Islands, which are platforms on the water, connected ada piers. This is due to the fact that in this inhabited endolaguna by pile were found alignments of poles that marked an area of \u200b\u200babout 50 x 30 meters, and these poles had the top square and well faceted. Moving
instead Tarmassia on Menago we are important for the production of metallurgical period. In this location was found, a storage room of a blacksmith, in which they were recovered axes, spearheads, brooches, bracelets and more than 3 pounds of metal ingots. All these items are clearly used, in particular it is clear that the cut of the axes is redone. These details are then believed it to be material intended to be merged again.
While many of the findings di questa “officina” sono facilmente riconducibili alle tipologie di utensili locali, alcuni oggetti presentano una diffusione endolagunare ed origine molto più ampie. Ad esempio, uno spillone non sembra avere molti eguali in Italia settentrionale, ma presenta molte analogie con reperti presenti in Europa centro orientale. Un bracciale a nastro massiccio ha esemplari simili in Francia meridionale.
Età del Bronzo finale
La documentazione archeologica attesta anche l'età del Bronzo finale (XII – X secolo a. C.). A tale periodo infatti sono riconducibili due tombe nella necropoli di “Croson” di Bovolone sul Menago ed una a Castello di Bovolone sul Menago (e not be excluded that the same cemetery).
The tombs makes clear the possibility that the dead were transported on rafts at the mouth of the landlord. This hypothesis confirms the research in this endolaguna inhabited dwelling
The graves are still found interesting material as a double-edged razor with decorations along the axis of the blade that identify geometric shapes and waterfowl and the handle is folded to show the same head of a bird. The depiction of birds on the shaver is not only decorative, but also has religious symbolism, simultaneously spread in the cultures of Central European and Venetian protovillanovian Urnenfelder.
Old Iron Age
The highest concentration of archaeological finds relating to the Iron Age are the bumps that go along with Oppeano in Isola Rizza.
Quest'endolaguna was adjacent to an ancient river Adige, in the past, went to Este. And the direction Oppeano - Este was one of the main thoroughfares of the river, which have thus led to an intense and continuous relationship between Este (main center of Paleovenetian) and other centers has grown up in Verona. When this relationship was interrupted in the late Iron Age.
present knowledge of the Iron Age can be traced back to the necropolis.
The initial phase of the Iron Age found in documents with preset on a biconical urn Hull found typical of the period in Isola Rizza, where, recently, was also identified a village. The discovery of the urn is assumed that there is a necropolis.
Also in this period refers to the important center paleoveneto Oppeano Islands. Protohistoric part of the house was located along the ridge that goes from the furnace and from Montara to the center of the country. An excavation made in the early eighties has unearthed a pavement concotto and some rubbish pits with material dating from the ninth and eighth centuries BC In
endolaguna inhabited dwelling have been found due frammenti di kylix attica con figure rosse che testimoniano l'esistenza di traffici commerciali molto ampi.
I materiali recuperati fanno presupporre un periodo di sviluppo di questo centro protostorico che va da IX al V secolo a.C.
Le necropoli di Oppeano invece erano disposte in endolaguna abitata da palafitticoli diverse attorno all'abitato protostorico. Tra queste una delle più note è sicuramente quella di Cà del Ferro, che era situata su un vasto dosso. In questa necropoli si possono identificare diversi nuclei di tombe di cui il più antico è composta da 12 tombe rinvenute nel fondo “i Dossi” e che sono riconducibili al VII secolo a.C.
Sempre appartenenti alle necropoli di Oppeano sono the group of 32 tombs of the Dosso Baldo and consist of simple burial in a pit or Dolio. And in the same endolaguna inhabited dwelling in 1971 was found another group of 17 tombs.
In places the Red Cross was found instead in a vase with a complete skull that leads to suggest the presence of a cult of the skulls. And always in these
endolaguna inhabited dwelling was also found a large rectangular belt plate decorated with concentric arches and spirals. This artifact is one of the best art paleoveneta, despite its designation is somewhat unusual. This fact is of the type of belts hallstattiana same type common in the area of \u200b\u200bSlovenia, and a similar plate was also found near Bolzano. Due paleoveneta art are the reasons for arches and spirals.
The largest necropolis in endolaguna inhabited dwelling is definitely one of the Oppeano Franchini, who was home for recovery, research and excavations since the early twentieth century.
Many artefacts found often during plowing or farm work. Among them of great interest even if they are damaged fragments of a small bronze vase. A circular disk was perhaps the lid of the jar. The attacks of the neck have a special triangular shape. Among the fragments, the most dimension is divided into two groups where the top is represented a quadruped, while at the bottom there are two men facing each other. Other fragments are winged animals. In the necropolis of
Franchine, were also found in burial tombs. Very significant are those of two deposed buried face down, as if to symbolize a social stigma against them.
Interesting for endolaguna inhabited dwelling Verona is also the burial of two horses placed with the limbs folded. These were not supplied and it is not possible to identify links with other tombs located in their vicinity. From
Fund Gambin other graves were found, from which was also recovered a rectangular plate of belt folded and deformed by fire. The fact that the belt is particularly fragmented and burnt by fire, indicates that it was part of the clothing of the deceased when he was incinerated. This plate is decorated with tory of birds and hares on the front or the back. In
Fund Carlotti instead was brought to light what is considered the best-known discovery of Oppeano, a helmet, which took place towards the end of the nineteenth century. From news to quest'elmo was found isolated, that would lead to a sense of character votive offering to a deity, like other documented cases found in the beds of rivers. The helmet has a conical shape divided into five horizontal bands of triangles and squares. In one of these bands are shown five horses, one of which is grabbed by the tail by a winged centaur. This helmet is not removed from other products in the world finds paleoveneto and belongs instead to a small group of objects that have not yet been clearly framed. Findings also
bronze statue with the letters "Etruscan Veneto" and the attack set of loop-shaped protome encephalopathy (the first from the village Blondes, second from Isola Rizza). The cow is of type protome Venetian - Etruscan and is one of the few artifacts of Etruscan origin Venetian-documented in 'endolaguna inhabited dwelling Verona.
Late Iron Age
Late Iron Age (IV - III century BC) is scarce rather than discovery and documentation, thereby making it difficult to identify the reasons that led to a rapid decay of the centers Paleovenetian and the penetration of Celtic elements in the scattered islands of Palo AVI MENAGE TREGNON TARTAR TION PO RIVER BENACESE Edron ADES.
The discovery of a necropolis in the area Casalandri lets say that the funeral rites in this period was mixed: the male warriors were cremated, while women and children buried, even if they appear several exceptions to this rule.
cremation tombs in the burnt bones were collected with the ritual of Sacerdoce with the paddle. You would think they were collected in a container of material organigo decomposed over time, such as leather or wood. With the bones were deposited, the objects of personal adornment and coins for the "toll" on the journey of the deceased in the afterlife. And at the side were placed the weapons (swords, spears, axes, etc. ...). In some cases, were also found items belonging to the funeral feast (as the spear or Graffione). Finally, often were also found in bowls containing food remains such as bones of pigs and poultry, and jars for wine (in some cases also in bronze).
In the tombs to the burial buckles and coins were placed on the chest and pelvis, while the ceramic kit usually took place at the head.
all Roman coins found are: axes, semissi of a Victorian silver and bronze. The local pottery is hand made with dough and worked on the lathe to rotate faster.
few glasses with elongated body and back umbilicate found in these tombs have also particularly widespread in prehistoric settlements Lessinia. The
tobe lessinia become due to the Celtic cultural group, although there are very obvious signs of "Romanization", starting from the coins and some types of pottery in ceramic and bronze. Everything found
reveals clear that the historical situation of these populations was characterized by well-being, and then by strong Roman influences in nature, but still in some ways to keep their customs, first of all in funerary rituals.
There are many smaller museums and archaeological deposits in the islands scattered in the towns visited Verona, and highly recommend any trip to the discovery of what are our origins, even just to understand who and how living in this endolaguna.
article was written by Enrico Bonfante, with critical review of King Born De Paoli pictures related to the Deposit Museum of Oppeano
Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici di Padova, in collaborazione con l’Università di Padova 
