How Many Pennies In A Tub

“The Devil”: Hiroyoshi Nishizawa, l’asso degli assi giapponese.

dela Many World War II aces, Erich Hartmann as the German, Russian and American Kozhedub Ivan Richard Bong, seemed born to be heroes. The Japanese ace of aces ...
[ GO ALL' ARTICOLO ]

Online Pregnancy Probability Test

La Royal Air Force e la Battaglia d'Inghilterra

di Ino Biondo

...[ Vai All'articolo completo ]

What Does The Black Gel Bracelet Mean

I Samurai del cielo che colpirono Pearl Harbor - 大日本帝国海軍航空本部 Servizio aeronautico della Marina Imperiale Giapponese

All'epoca della seconda guerra mondiale la Marina imperiale giapponese era amministrata dal Ministero della Marina del Giappone e controllata dal Capo dello Stato Maggiore della Marina imperiale giapponese basato del Quartier Generale Imperiale. Per poter combattere la numericamente superiore marina statunitense, dedicò molte risorse alla creazione...[ Go to Article ]

Fellowes Powershred Ps 50 Power Cord

Le Aquile americane - Gli assi dell'aviazione americana

L 'America goes to war

The U.S. at the beginning of World War had a neutral stance and action against the expansionist ambitions of Nazi Germany and the Fascists in Italy. Interrupted only by providing military and economic aid to which England and Italy declared war on Germany. Opposition to the war vanished the day that President Roosevelt defined ... [ Read article]

Wholesale Loose Socks

Gli artigli della LUFTWAFFE

risen from its ashes

Germany at the end of the "Great War" came out totally defeated. The signing of the Treaty of Versailles that required the total dismantling of all forms of armed organization in the country as well as Army and Navy, which included the Air Force, responded by organizing it in secret: the pilots were trained veterans of the conflict in secrecy .... ( GO TO 'COMPLETE ARTICLE ) ...

My Left Shoulder Really Hurts

I CACCIA DELL' U.R.S.S. - Il Lavockin O.K.B.

Ino Biondo

A soldier who made Airplane

Semyon Alekseevich Lavočkin was a strong supporter of the Soviet regime, immediately after finishing his studies he volunteered in the dreaded Red Army, distinguished himself as a soldier had the opportunity to attend the Moscow Technical High Squola (name that alchemy was the University of Engineering State). In 1927 he graduated with honors and was immediately recruited by the French scientist Paul Richard, who worked for the Soviet government, to collaborate on a project managed by OKB him very ambitious. In addition to Lavockin made it part of engineers and other rising stars of engineering and engineering design Soviet aircraft, such as Korolyov, Beriev, Kamov, Gurevich and Shavrov, the project was very ambitious and difficult, it was the construction of a huge Seaplane and Bomber which was to have the characteristic of torpedo boats. The TOM project (acronym of Torpedonisets Otkrytogo Moria, marine torpedo bomber), was not realized because of trays to the funds and especially because a similar project was now being tested by 'the OKB of Tupolev TB-1 .... ( Go to full article )....

Melrose Place 2009 Strip Dance Song

I CACCIA DEL' U.R.S.S. - Il famigerato O.K.B. "MIG"

Ino Biondo

"The Soviet fighter par excellence"

When we hear "Mig" you can not help but think of Russia, and VVS. short for Voenno-vozdušnye Sily the 'Air Force' s former Soviet Union; OKB MIG is probably the most famous in the world but at the same time, the most secret that has ever existed. Even the acronym says it all was the acronym of the initials of two great Soviet engineers Artyom Ivanovich Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich Iosifovič , that one day in December 1939 gave birth to what would become a World aviation legend of all time, having produced some of the most famous fighter in the world. In fact, even today, are designed to service more aircraft from MiG than any other manufacturer. Over the past 60 years, the Mikoyan-Gurevich OKB has worked on about 250 different projects, 120 of which went into production, for a total of more than 15 000 aircraft left the factory. Unlike other technical departments, the MiG was concentrated mainly on one type of aircraft: the fighter.

Mikoyan-Gurevich OKB 155

On 24 December 1939 was given to a young aeronautical engineer, who grew up in a remote village in Asia, a particular OKB, which had the task of designing high-performance fighters, il suo nome era Artëm Ivanovič Mikojan  che cresciuto in una famiglia povera da giovane aveva lavorato come meccanico  prima di laurearsi in una accademia militare nel 1937. Lavorò, per un breve periodo per Nikolaj Nikolaevič Polikarpov, a quei tempi il più famoso disegnatore di aeroplani. Fu proprio su segalazione di quest'ultimo, che rimase stupito da un disegno di aeroplano fattogli vedere su un foglio per appunti a "mano libera"  che il Partito gli offrì la possibilità di mettere in pratica le sue idee geniali. Fu anche grazie all' O.K.B. di Policarpov che conobbe un' altro brillante personaggio ma molto controverso, un ingegnere e matematico ebreo più volte espulso dalla facoltà di Ingegneria di Charkiv per via delle sue attività sovversive al regime, i due già da allora erano entrati in sintonia e condividevano assieme alcune idee su come doveva essere fatto un caccia "puro" : manovrabile, veloce, potente.

Questo brillante giovane era Michail Iosifovič Gurevič , nato da una famiglia ebrea nella piccola cittadina di Rubanščina nell'Oblast' di Kursk, nel 1910 si diplomò nel ginnasio di Achtyrka (regione di Charkiv) con medaglia d'argento ed entrò all'università di Charkiv nel dipartimento di matematica. Come detto per le sue idee considerate sovversive, venne espulso da Charkiv, e continuò gli studi a Montpellier in Francia. Intanto allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale e dopo della guerra civile in Russia, dovette interrompere gli studi, ma nel 1925 alla fine delle ostilità ritornò a Charkiv dove conseguì la laurea a pieni voti in aviazione e costruzioni aeronautiche. reclutato dall'amico Mikojan, il giovane Gurevich che intanto era stato in America per ottenere la costruzione su licenza del Douglas DC-3, ebbe la possibilità di poter esprimere tutto il suo genio e intuito costruttivo, i due si misero subito a lavoro e l'O.K.B. assunze la denominazione "MIG O.K.B." dalle iniziali of the two engineers.

The two began a historic hunting dynasty that arose from the tactical and strategic response to a request for a new fighter-engine cylinder, made by V -VS in January '39. What is not well known is that this request was brought forward by the Polikarpov OKB as I-61 and then I-200, started work in June 1939. Polikarpov, however, was interested in the radial and changed his mind only with time, thanks to the appearance of AM-37, an engine cylinder in-line really powerful Mikulin OKB. However, although the new fighter was expected as capable of 670 kmh, the famous designer person had become "undesirable" to Stalin, who took advantage of the trip made in Germany in November 1939 when there were still-solid relations between the two nations in terms of aero-and for him to shut up shop create instead of his OKB, a Department of Experimental Construction, which were placed in head M. A. Mikoyan and Gurevich, although they were formally under the control of Polikarpov until June '40. And so their first hunting was, in fact, the last of Polikarpov, but Stalin's USSR, the designers were not so important if they had fallen in the eyes of government, Stalin had already Polikarpov imprisoned in a special prison laboratory per mettere a punto l'I-5, il primo dei suoi caccia biplani, ora con un altro atto d'imperio gli chiudeva la carriera. Nonostante tutto, quello che diverrà il MiG-1 conservò largamente l'impronta del suo originario padre: a parte il lungo muso con il nuovo motore, la cellula sembra ancora, specie se vista in pianta, notevolmente simile a quella di un I-16, compatta, ma anche afflitta da un'eccessiva vicinanza dei piani di coda alle ali, che con il nuovo motore diventava decisamente controproducente.In questo clima rovente ebbe i natali l'  I-200 (a quell'epoca si usava battezzare l'aeroplano con una sigla che indicasse la sua funzione e non l'ingegnere che l'avesse progettato quindi " I " stands for Istrebitel , or hunting), a high-altitude interceptor, which was soon assigned by the Air Ministry as MiG-1. The marks of aircraft, a directive of 1941 the Soviet Ministry of Aviation, indicate the first two initials of the surname of the designer in charge of the technical or general, if the office has more general project, the first two initials of first followed by first initial of others. Then follows a sequence number, odd for hunting and equal to all other aircraft (some sources incorrectly interprets the term as the union of the first letters of their surnames joined by a project manager "i" in Russian means "and" conjunction simple).

plan of the MIG-1.

The MiG-1 was hunting a very powerful and advanced for its time, although it suffers from very poor maneuverability due to the huge front-engine, which unbalanced the plane. The engine was a 12-cylinder in-line, the AM-35 a 12-cylinder V capable of 1,350 hp at takeoff and 1,200 to 6,000 m. It was a powerful engine for the late '30s, and yet, already become a known and reliable. The problem is that certainly was not born as an engine for hunting weight was 830 kg, more or less like the German DB-603, or about 230-250 kg more types of German and British equivalents. In addition he was also very long, which put the designers in need of bringing back the very cockpit of the pilot, and what is worse, to minimize the cell around it to make the plane as handsome as possible . The result of this work was an airplane in some ways similar to types like the Italian Macchi or Re.2005 202-205. The problem here is that the aircraft was really extreme, and especially with an engine too powerful.

The prototype of the MiG-1

The Wing of MIG-1 by giving him gifts sprinter

It is unclear when the first MiG-1 lines came from: some say before the end of '40 they were produced eighty, and who says that the production went until early '41. There were several changes with respect to the prototype, such as increasing the wing dihedral to 6 degrees to improve stability. The engine was now in version AM-35 with three-blade constant speed metal propeller and appeared armament, two ShKAS and BS, respectively with 750 and 300 of the Criminal Code, and all in the nose.

The first prototype

The prototype II was adotatta this livery for presentation to the military hierarchy.

An exemplary operating

Despite a large amount of fuel, had a longer range, while fast uphill and level flight, ideal for high altitudes. Unfortunately, he was assigned to fighter units 'normal' rather than in specialized departments such actions. At June 22, 1941, the new generation of Soviet fighters were already many. And the MiG excelled at all: it speaks well of aircraft between 1289 and MiG-1 MiG-3 (the improved version, which came shortly after production). The MiG-3 was the evolution of '1, was moved ilmotore later than 10 cm, increased from around 5 to 6 degrees giving it more stability sins of the previous model, plus a new radiator with more capacity of the coolant, the cabin was pressurized and was equipped with a container of oxygen to the pilot for high altitude operation, which is very rare in those days, and was equipped with a collimator reflection for machine guns, various improvements of detail, enlarged wheels, interior and improved radio CSR-1, increased ammunition and underwing points per 100 kg of bombs, rockets (up to 8) and even deadly chemicals from tanks to dispose of land, all experienced on ' N.04 I-200, which is the fourth prototype. The tests were very positive, since the performance-differently from those of other non-Soviet fighters were not only invalid, but even with the same engine, were higher. He ordered 3,600 copies for the well only 1941, of what was then the hunting world's fastest (or one of the fastest, at least).

plan of the MIG-3

line of flight operations departments.

The first prototype

The second prototype

MIG-1 and 3 at a glance:

• Dimensions: 8.16 x 10.2 x 17.6 x 2.59 m2 for all, or with minimal differences
• Weights: 2600-2630 / max 3.071/3.100 (MiG-1) - 2,699 / kg (MiG-3) 3100 kg (up to 3310-3335, the data are rather confused) wing loading 155 kg/m2
• Engine: Mikulin AM-34 1,200-hp take-off, 1,350 in share
• Performance: MiG-1: 480 kmh above sea level, m 530/2.500, 585/5.000 m, 628/7.000 m, m 608/8.500, 595/9.000 m, slew rate 5.3 min for 5,000 m, 12,000 m tangent about 640 km range, 374 m takeoff, landing, MiG-3 410 m: 505 kmh / slm ; kmh/7.800 630 m climb to 8,000 m in 10.28 min; tangency 12,000 m, range 820-1000 + km
• Armament: 1 UBS 2 ShKAS and 12.7 mm (1.44 firepower kg / s), some MiG-3 with two underwing eo UBK 12.7 mm 2 bombs of 100 kg or 6 RS-82 rockets or liquid chemical or incendiary speaker.

after the war was that the design bureau number 155 (the number assigned to the factory), grew even greater in size and influence. Using German technology, Mikoyan and Gurevich gave birth to the first Soviet jet fighter, the MiG-9, which flew 24 April 1946. In August of that year Stalin ordered ten national hunt for the parade for the celebration of the October Revolution on Red Square. The engineers and mechanics worked at a fast pace to be ready for November, but ironically the parade was canceled due to adverse weather conditions. But the MiG-9 entered service soon followed by many other cars have become famous during the Cold War. We remember the MiG-15, che partecipò alla guerra di Corea, il MiG-17 ed il MiG-19 il primo caccia supersonico (in crociera) sovietico. Il MiG-21 (Fishbed per gli occidentali), la più prodotta ed esportata unità sovietica. L'ultimo caccia prodotto sotto il disegno di Mikojan e Gurevič furono il MiG-23 (Flogger), il primo caccia con ali a geometria variabile sovietico ed il MiG-25 (Foxbat) un caccia intercettore capace di volare a Mach 3. Gurevič era andato in pensione nel 1964, Mikojan morì nel 1970 e fu sostituito dal suo vice, Rostislav Apollosovič Beljakov. Con Belyakov al timone, il MiG OKB produsse diversi nuovi caccia per la VVS: il MiG-29 (Fulcrum) intercettore leggero, ed il MiG-31 (Foxhound) caccia intercettore e ricognitore, both of the early '70s. In addition to aircraft design bureau studied and also produced anti-ship missiles, cruise and anti-satellite, even reusable space ship called Spiral. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the design bureau, like all other places, had to restructure and address the economic crisis. In May 1995 the Russian government centralize all the factories that were in the hands of the MiG MAPO-MiG company (Moskowskoje Awiazionnoje Promyschlennoje Objedinenije, an association of aeronautical factories in Moscow). In the late 90 'when it was near collapse of the Russian economy, the company was overwhelmed by scandals of financial mismanagement, the fierce competition of Sukhoi, and major layoffs. In December 1999 the Russian government renamed MAPO-MiG in "MiG Aircraft Building Corporation" and announced news as a possible merger with rival Sukhoi. In order to survive the MiG focused on the export and upgrade MiG-29. In spite of the open disregard of the government continued to develop new projects for hunting, as the 1.42 and 1.44. The Russian government is planning a general fusion of all the companies involved in the development of aviation / aerospace, civil and military (which, after the collapse of the USSR, met with huge financial difficulties): the futuristic United Aircraft Building Corporation would be a 'union di Ilyushin, Irkut, Mikoân, Sukhoi, Tupolev e Yakovlev. Attualmente, per la gioia degli appassionati 'warbirders', un MiG-3 è tornato a volare in Russia, con tanto di capacità di volo acrobatico, dimostrata nel MAKS 2007, la mostra aerospaziale di Mosca.

Silver Chalice E-book

I Caccia dell'U.R.S.S. - lo Jakovlev O.K.B.

di Ino Biondo

Una passione "Innata"

Si dice che Aleksandr Sergeevič Jakovlev sia nato con la passione per gli aeroplani, già in età young biographers say, "spent his days staring at the sky," was apparently a good student, but his "Genius" had not yet been revealed. A bit like all the genes that made the big history of humanity, does not excel in studies so as to distinguish themselves from others, especially in the conduct. finished high school he went to work in an airplane factory as a mechanic. Yakovlev gave evidence that they have ability in the design and aircraft design and in 1926 produced its first aircraft, a small two-seater biplane, which he called AIR-1 (the acronym derives from the name of a very famous Soviet-era political, Alexei Ivanovich Rykov ) then renamed the VVA-3. The Soviet military were so impressed by the AIR-1 that allowed Yakovlev to be admitted to Zhukovsky Air Force Academy in 1927.

The Yak - AIR 1 of the Moscow museum

In 1931 he was a graduate student employed by the Bureau Polikarpov where he worked for the construction of other light aircraft, but unfortunately an accident happened to a prototype, the dismissal caused by Polikarpov, Legend has it that the great Polikarpov (See article on AeroStoria ) was envious of the talent of the young Alexander, and he made sure to dismiss his rival, the reason was indeed another, the 'USSR in the field research mainly military, because of the large capital invested, and were given the economic situation that was living inside, could not admit mistakes. But the tenacity of Yakovlev did not wait, once coexisted senior officers and party members to let him manage a OKB all his projects and showing drawings of what he had in mind to build, were so impressed that in 1934 officially got a OKB located in an old factory abandoned on the outskirts of Moscow.

The Yakovlev OKB

The OKB Yakovlev aerobatic aircraft and focused on the trainer (today still used and appreciated by military and civilian aerobatic teams) . The most important of these was the UT-2 (Učebno Trenirovočnyj, leteralmente trainer coach), which made its first flight in 1935. It was a two-seater basic trainer, with a general configuration similar to that of the Stearman PT-26 U.S.. The UT-2 had excellent handling characteristics and vennero costruiti 7 323 fino a tutto il 1946. Jakovlev costruì anche un addestratore avanzato, utilizzabile anche come aereo acrobatico, lo UT-1 , che volò per la prima volta nel 1936 e che venne costruito in 1 256 esemplari. Alcuni di questi furono impiegati in combattimento durante la guerra, armati con due mitragliatrici ShKAS   calibro 7,62 mm e quattro razzi da 82 mm (gli RS-82).

schema dell' UT-2 si noti il doppio abitacolo.

In questa immagine il disegno originale dell'aereo bearing the signature of the designer, was a booklet

demonstration given to the observers when the machines in 1935.

A rare print of the machine, photographing military was not allowed at that time.

penalty of imprisonment or death.

From technical point of view was a magnificent airplane without taking anything away from the well from which most famed U.S. aircraft that is partly inspired by the classic "Good hunting" of Soviet-built: simple and functional.

's UT-1, which is actually the second version of the car, but tends to be another airplane.

structural arrangement of the machine.

Another rare image is a time period of 'UT-1.

a real treat for our readers: a UT-2 photographed during a magnificent air show

in 98 in Poland.

Meanwhile, the political climate was changing, Alexei Rykov , was beginning to become a threat to Stalin , which saw its political obstacles to his accession. Consequently, the Leader of the Soviet secret police arrested Rykov (as usual for those who obstructed the path of Stalin), and after a long period of imprisonment was executed in March of 1938, as an enemy of the state.

Yakovlev at this point he found himself at a crossroads: to the end of his political supporter of Stalin or place permanently. The engineer could not help but indulge Stalin: his plans were now being worked on, and many of his trusted employees could anche'essi risk being imprisoned, the price was too high. As a result of the projects were finally deleted from 'OKB initials AIR Rykov in honor of the foregoing, each individual aircraft to make room for the initials of the designer or "Yak"

Як name in Cyrillic There remain 'time in the company logo.

Yakovlev's fame expanded a lot in that time, so that became a hero of Socialist Labour, was awarded Order of Lenin and received 100 000 rubles and a car. He earned the esteem of Stalin in April 1939 and offered him the Genius Guide a challenge. Stalin needed a high performance fighter and he needed it immediately. Yakovlev protested, "but the Americans take two years to produce a fighter," to which Stalin replied: "Well, you're not an American! Show us what it is capable of a young Russian engineer! Do your best and if we succeed, we'll drink a cup of tea. "

Yakovlev went to work with all of its staff about its new fighter, which was designated I-26 (Istrebitel ', hunting). This would have been propelled the new M-105 Klimov 12-cylinder V-cooled water, a French derivative of the French Hispano-Suiza HS-12Y. In addition, it would have been armed with machine guns ShKAS and a 20 mm cannon ShVAK (Špital'nogo-Vladimirova Aviacionnyj Krupnokalibernyj, aeronautical Špital'nyj-caliber Vladimirov). Of course, Yakovlev had given the project a top priority, using all its resources. The Soviet Union of Stalin was preparing for the comparison with Germany and the air battles over the skies of Spain with the German Condor Legion, showed that Voenno-vozdušnye Sily , the Soviet Air Force, he needed a fighter that was to Like the new Messerschmitt Bf 109. When All tests were successful the fighter's name changed and became the infamous Yak-1, considered the best fighter of World War II.

Як-1

Scheme of Yak -1 lines were simple and effective.

Photo of I-26 prototype

Another rare image of a pair Yak-1, in front there was space for two machine guns SkhaS. Both these weapons were the cannon SkhaV of excellence as rate of fire, light and other qualities, although the weight of bullets and ammunition supplied (120 rounds of 20 and 750, 7.62) were not fully adequate to fully exploit the their overall quality. The tracking system consisted of a collimator-reflective, such as foreign achievements of the time. The targeting system also controlled the "secret weapon" of the Soviet fighters, the RS-82 rockets.

The Yakovlev Yak-1 was the best fighter in service in the V-VS at the time of the invasion by the Germans ("Operation Barbarossa" ) in 1941, and remained so for the next 12 months, fighting in a hopeless strategic situation, and helping to stem the advance, however, that at the beginning of the invaders seemed unstoppable. In the picture with the hood in a specimen drop it after a few changes "pitched" consisting of the saw the back of various aircraft, it was decided that the aircraft production line would have to be built with the rear of the fuselage lowered, giving rise to the Yak-1M, characterized by a hood "drop" one of the first examples of this natural evolution in comparison to hunt with the fuselage "a hump".

's career began in the Yak-1 slope, as soon as it came in line came the German attack. Only about sixty cars were delivered to departments by the end of 1940, but the production was already playing at full speed to catch up in regard to potential adversaries (the Luftwaffe). At the time of the invasion were serving more than 300 specimens, but not enough to stem the German attack began with a relentless bombardment of dozens of airports Soviets. Yakovlev fighters were still able to fight at least on par with the Bf 109E, although not against the new "F".

the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen the plane in general seemed very "inspired" to Dewoitine and D.520 similar to the latter had an engine cylinder in-line with a 20 mm caliber gun Shooter from the hub of the propeller, but the engine itself was much more powerful than the French. It was really a school, "French" as it came dall'Hispano-Suiza 12Y, and incidentally the power output of which was that they needed D.520. The radiators were under the nose and the container for the oil and the liquid under the fuselage, respectively.

The Yak-1 Canopy version blended fuselage

version and truncated tail teardrop canopy

version with the characteristic "hump"

This is particularly the plane 44 Lilya Litvyak ace pilot of the USSR

was later also built a two-seat advanced trainer version called Yak-7, an 'other extraordinary machine, the OKB knew Yack give birth to magnificent trainers from all points of view, as the present day. His story is very original, as was originally designed to give pilots a Soviet plane for proper advanced training, but soon the car proved so promising, fast and handy to be considered a first-line aircraft, exceeding its direct ancestor. The prototype aircraft, designated ICU-26 and Yak-7U then, flew in late 1941, when the command of the Russian Air Force makes a request for a single-seat night fighter which responded with the Yakovlev Yak-7A, virtually a Yak -7U with a single cabin and new weapons.

Scheme of Yak-7 sempre linee sobrie e funzionali.

Linea di volo della scuola di volo militare dell'U.R.S.S.

Una bllissima stampa che mostra le differenza tra i modelli prodotti

Probabilmente questo e uno dei prototipi che furono utilizzati per lo studio di esemplari per la caccia notturna.

An emblematic image of Soviet aviation, the cadets

are trained in the maintenance of aircraft, all were able to do anything.

With regard to operational use, the plane was quickly put into production, and in addition to the training department was soon sent to the front for missions such as hunting, ground attack and tactical reconnaissance, air observation (as the Italians wanted to do with the Reggiane Re.2003). Thereafter, the Yak-7 was gradually replaced by the Yak-9, but until 1944 had a very noticeable and widespread use, although unfortunately not well known since he was in the shade than the other Yak.

MAN OF RECORDS

Yakovlev built, among others, the Yak-15, one of the first jet aircraft of the Soviet Union, the Yak- 17, the Yak-23, Yak-25, the first all-weather interceptor, the Yak-28, the first supersonic bomber, the first line of the Soviet Union, the Yak-36, the first plane to take off vertically, and its evolution embarked, the Yak-38. We should also mention the Yak-14, gliders to transport troops, the Yak-24 helicopter birotore, the Yak-11, Yak-18 and Yak-52 trainers and many others. Yakovlev also created a school of aerospace, with a high expertise in design, inspired by the simplicity and creativity, combat aircraft, transport and acrobatics. The test pilots of Yakovlev signed up to a full 74 world records. From 1946 until 1989, Yakovlev was elected to the Supreme Soviet. He won the Lenin Prize (1972) and several other awards of the Soviet state (1941, 1942, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1977), was awarded the FAI Gold Medal for aviation, had ten orders of Lenin, the ' Order of the October Revolution, two medals "red stripes", the order of Surova first and second degree medal Labour, the Order of the Red Star, the Legion of Honour and the Cross by official France. In Moscow remains his bronze bust in memory. Today, the old Soviet-era OKB, after becoming the Yak Aviation Company, merged with the Smolensk Aviation Plant Joint Stock Company in March 1992, although the two companies continue to operate separately, and AS Yakovlev Design Bureau, the United Aircraft Corporation.