di Ino Biondo
Una passione "Innata"
Si dice che Aleksandr Sergeevič Jakovlev sia nato con la passione per gli aeroplani, già in età young biographers say, "spent his days staring at the sky," was apparently a good student, but his "Genius" had not yet been revealed. A bit like all the genes that made the big history of humanity, does not excel in studies so as to distinguish themselves from others, especially in the conduct. finished high school he went to work in an airplane factory as a mechanic. Yakovlev gave evidence that they have ability in the design and aircraft design and in 1926 produced its first aircraft, a small two-seater biplane, which he called AIR-1 (the acronym derives from the name of a very famous Soviet-era political, Alexei Ivanovich Rykov ) then renamed the VVA-3. The Soviet military were so impressed by the AIR-1 that allowed Yakovlev to be admitted to Zhukovsky Air Force Academy in 1927. 
The Yak - AIR 1 of the Moscow museum
In 1931 he was a graduate student employed by the Bureau Polikarpov where he worked for the construction of other light aircraft, but unfortunately an accident happened to a prototype, the dismissal caused by Polikarpov, Legend has it that the great Polikarpov (See article on AeroStoria ) was envious of the talent of the young Alexander, and he made sure to dismiss his rival, the reason was indeed another, the 'USSR in the field research mainly military, because of the large capital invested, and were given the economic situation that was living inside, could not admit mistakes. But the tenacity of Yakovlev did not wait, once coexisted senior officers and party members to let him manage a OKB all his projects and showing drawings of what he had in mind to build, were so impressed that in 1934 officially got a OKB located in an old factory abandoned on the outskirts of Moscow.
The Yakovlev OKB
The OKB Yakovlev aerobatic aircraft and focused on the trainer (today still used and appreciated by military and civilian aerobatic teams) . The most important of these was the UT-2 (Učebno Trenirovočnyj, leteralmente trainer coach), which made its first flight in 1935. It was a two-seater basic trainer, with a general configuration similar to that of the Stearman PT-26 U.S.. The UT-2 had excellent handling characteristics and vennero costruiti 7 323 fino a tutto il 1946. Jakovlev costruì anche un addestratore avanzato, utilizzabile anche come aereo acrobatico, lo UT-1 , che volò per la prima volta nel 1936 e che venne costruito in 1 256 esemplari. Alcuni di questi furono impiegati in combattimento durante la guerra, armati con due mitragliatrici ShKAS calibro 7,62 mm e quattro razzi da 82 mm (gli RS-82).
schema dell' UT-2 si noti il doppio abitacolo.
In questa immagine il disegno originale dell'aereo bearing the signature of the designer, was a booklet
demonstration given to the observers when the machines in 1935.
A rare print of the machine, photographing military was not allowed at that time.
penalty of imprisonment or death.
From technical point of view was a magnificent airplane without taking anything away from the well from which most famed U.S. aircraft that is partly inspired by the classic "Good hunting" of Soviet-built: simple and functional.
's UT-1, which is actually the second version of the car, but tends to be another airplane.
structural arrangement of the machine.
Another rare image is a time period of 'UT-1.
a real treat for our readers: a UT-2 photographed during a magnificent air show
in 98 in Poland.
Meanwhile, the political climate was changing, Alexei Rykov , was beginning to become a threat to Stalin , which saw its political obstacles to his accession. Consequently, the Leader of the Soviet secret police arrested Rykov (as usual for those who obstructed the path of Stalin), and after a long period of imprisonment was executed in March of 1938, as an enemy of the state.
Yakovlev at this point he found himself at a crossroads: to the end of his political supporter of Stalin or place permanently. The engineer could not help but indulge Stalin: his plans were now being worked on, and many of his trusted employees could anche'essi risk being imprisoned, the price was too high. As a result of the projects were finally deleted from 'OKB initials AIR Rykov in honor of the foregoing, each individual aircraft to make room for the initials of the designer or "Yak"
Як name in Cyrillic There remain 'time in the company logo.
Yakovlev's fame expanded a lot in that time, so that became a hero of Socialist Labour, was awarded Order of Lenin and received 100 000 rubles and a car. He earned the esteem of Stalin in April 1939 and offered him the Genius Guide a challenge. Stalin needed a high performance fighter and he needed it immediately. Yakovlev protested, "but the Americans take two years to produce a fighter," to which Stalin replied: "Well, you're not an American! Show us what it is capable of a young Russian engineer! Do your best and if we succeed, we'll drink a cup of tea. "
Yakovlev went to work with all of its staff about its new fighter, which was designated I-26 (Istrebitel ', hunting). This would have been propelled the new M-105 Klimov 12-cylinder V-cooled water, a French derivative of the French Hispano-Suiza HS-12Y. In addition, it would have been armed with machine guns ShKAS and a 20 mm cannon ShVAK (Špital'nogo-Vladimirova Aviacionnyj Krupnokalibernyj, aeronautical Špital'nyj-caliber Vladimirov). Of course, Yakovlev had given the project a top priority, using all its resources. The Soviet Union of Stalin was preparing for the comparison with Germany and the air battles over the skies of Spain with the German Condor Legion, showed that Voenno-vozdušnye Sily , the Soviet Air Force, he needed a fighter that was to Like the new Messerschmitt Bf 109. When All tests were successful the fighter's name changed and became the infamous Yak-1, considered the best fighter of World War II.
Як-1
Scheme of Yak -1 lines were simple and effective.
Photo of I-26 prototype
Another rare image of a pair Yak-1, in front there was space for two machine guns SkhaS. Both these weapons were the cannon SkhaV of excellence as rate of fire, light and other qualities, although the weight of bullets and ammunition supplied (120 rounds of 20 and 750, 7.62) were not fully adequate to fully exploit the their overall quality. The tracking system consisted of a collimator-reflective, such as foreign achievements of the time. The targeting system also controlled the "secret weapon" of the Soviet fighters, the RS-82 rockets.
The Yakovlev Yak-1 was the best fighter in service in the V-VS at the time of the invasion by the Germans ("Operation Barbarossa" ) in 1941, and remained so for the next 12 months, fighting in a hopeless strategic situation, and helping to stem the advance, however, that at the beginning of the invaders seemed unstoppable. In the picture with the hood in a specimen drop it after a few changes "pitched" consisting of the saw the back of various aircraft, it was decided that the aircraft production line would have to be built with the rear of the fuselage lowered, giving rise to the Yak-1M, characterized by a hood "drop" one of the first examples of this natural evolution in comparison to hunt with the fuselage "a hump".
's career began in the Yak-1 slope, as soon as it came in line came the German attack. Only about sixty cars were delivered to departments by the end of 1940, but the production was already playing at full speed to catch up in regard to potential adversaries (the Luftwaffe). At the time of the invasion were serving more than 300 specimens, but not enough to stem the German attack began with a relentless bombardment of dozens of airports Soviets. Yakovlev fighters were still able to fight at least on par with the Bf 109E, although not against the new "F".
the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen the plane in general seemed very "inspired" to Dewoitine and D.520 similar to the latter had an engine cylinder in-line with a 20 mm caliber gun Shooter from the hub of the propeller, but the engine itself was much more powerful than the French. It was really a school, "French" as it came dall'Hispano-Suiza 12Y, and incidentally the power output of which was that they needed D.520. The radiators were under the nose and the container for the oil and the liquid under the fuselage, respectively.
The Yak-1 Canopy version blended fuselage
version and truncated tail teardrop canopy
version with the characteristic "hump"
This is particularly the plane 44 Lilya Litvyak ace pilot of the USSR
was later also built a two-seat advanced trainer version called Yak-7, an 'other extraordinary machine, the OKB knew Yack give birth to magnificent trainers from all points of view, as the present day. His story is very original, as was originally designed to give pilots a Soviet plane for proper advanced training, but soon the car proved so promising, fast and handy to be considered a first-line aircraft, exceeding its direct ancestor. The prototype aircraft, designated ICU-26 and Yak-7U then, flew in late 1941, when the command of the Russian Air Force makes a request for a single-seat night fighter which responded with the Yakovlev Yak-7A, virtually a Yak -7U with a single cabin and new weapons.
Scheme of Yak-7 sempre linee sobrie e funzionali.
Linea di volo della scuola di volo militare dell'U.R.S.S.
Una bllissima stampa che mostra le differenza tra i modelli prodotti
Probabilmente questo e uno dei prototipi che furono utilizzati per lo studio di esemplari per la caccia notturna.
An emblematic image of Soviet aviation, the cadets
are trained in the maintenance of aircraft, all were able to do anything.
With regard to operational use, the plane was quickly put into production, and in addition to the training department was soon sent to the front for missions such as hunting, ground attack and tactical reconnaissance, air observation (as the Italians wanted to do with the Reggiane Re.2003). Thereafter, the Yak-7 was gradually replaced by the Yak-9, but until 1944 had a very noticeable and widespread use, although unfortunately not well known since he was in the shade than the other Yak.
MAN OF RECORDS
Yakovlev built, among others, the Yak-15, one of the first jet aircraft of the Soviet Union, the Yak- 17, the Yak-23, Yak-25, the first all-weather interceptor, the Yak-28, the first supersonic bomber, the first line of the Soviet Union, the Yak-36, the first plane to take off vertically, and its evolution embarked, the Yak-38. We should also mention the Yak-14, gliders to transport troops, the Yak-24 helicopter birotore, the Yak-11, Yak-18 and Yak-52 trainers and many others. Yakovlev also created a school of aerospace, with a high expertise in design, inspired by the simplicity and creativity, combat aircraft, transport and acrobatics. The test pilots of Yakovlev signed up to a full 74 world records. From 1946 until 1989, Yakovlev was elected to the Supreme Soviet. He won the Lenin Prize (1972) and several other awards of the Soviet state (1941, 1942, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1977), was awarded the FAI Gold Medal for aviation, had ten orders of Lenin, the ' Order of the October Revolution, two medals "red stripes", the order of Surova first and second degree medal Labour, the Order of the Red Star, the Legion of Honour and the Cross by official France. In Moscow remains his bronze bust in memory. Today, the old Soviet-era OKB, after becoming the Yak Aviation Company, merged with the Smolensk Aviation Plant Joint Stock Company in March 1992, although the two companies continue to operate separately, and AS Yakovlev Design Bureau, the United Aircraft Corporation.
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